Why
study grammar
Grammar is a powerful tool to express language correctly. It gives complete sense of
language. There is individual grammar for each language. Without grammar no one can completely understand own language. Studying grammar can help you to write more effectively. It will
help you to modify your language and it will help your reader to understand
what you are saying.
This is an
essential and individual grammar because setting up every rule step-by-step and
it is very easy to understand and comprehend. Once you read this book it will
be proved whatever said and you will be on the half way to write letter /
report.
When you read this book, should not jump or escape any section. Try
to read carefully each section and guess main purpose of rules. Otherwise you
will waste your time and energy. Actually, grammar makes spotless your language
errors like soap clean your cloths. Obviously, you understood why need to learn
grammar.
If you go to store you will see variety of items that customer buy
similarly in grammar stored such rules which writer can utilize to write
desirable report. In grammar store you will find such rules as mentioned below:
Letters > Words > Sentences> Paragraphs >Reports >
Chapters >Books
It is worth learning grammar because:
·
It helps you to write correctly
and therefore to create a good impression.
·
It helps your reader to
understand what you are saying and avoids confusion.
·
A good grasp of your own
grammar makes it far easier to learn a foreign language.
·
It helps you to understand what
other people are trying to say in their letter.
Final tips of grammar: Actually,
grammar gives you right direction how to write report effectively. It shows
correct way of pronouncing, spelling, speaking, reading and writing. If you don’t know good grammar you won’t be
able to write a good report as well as reading and speaking
At a glance of
definition
Reference number
Why should you use reference?
Using reference number to identify and find details
someone’s data. Getting practical idea check any bank letter at the top you
will see reference number.
Reference could be number or words,
e.g.:
Ref: 250 (in number) OR
Ref:
Paying exam fee. (in words)
For example
Ref: 2386
Dear sir,
I did not you pay fees for three months because of
financial problem. I am willing to pay next Monday.
Your faithfully
Nila
Useful
phrase:
What is phrase?
Why
should use phrase?
If
you use phrases you letter will be more attractive. So it is very important to
use phrase at the beginning of letter. Here are few useful phrases, which you
can use in opening paragraph:
With due and utmost respect…
With my due respect and honour that …
I am writing to complain about…
I was horrified/surprised/shocked to
find …
Please be inform you that…
With most respectfully I would like to
inform that…
This is to certify that…
Thank you very much for your letter,
which I received on
For example
Ref: 2386
Dear Sir
I would like to inform you that I did not you pay fees for three months
because of financial problem. I am willing to pay next Monday.
Your faithfully
Nila
Strong adjectives:
What is adjective?
Why should you use adjectives?
Adjective is very important to describe
the situation because it is emphasize the matter. For details about adjective
read adjective in the unit … We included here some strong adjectives, which
will help you to strongly describe the situation: Horrified, dissatisfied,
furious, surprised, irritated, disappointed, upset, unhappy, shocked,
disgusted, disgruntled, angry.
For example
Ref: 2386
Dear Sir
I would like to inform you that I did not you pay fees
for three months because of financial problem. I am strongly
promise and willing to pay next Monday.
Your faithfully
Nila
Apologise
Why do you show apologise?
Should
not write any letter with aggressive manner and bad motion. If you express any
unsatisfied, poke and provoking word if could be reflect the negative result
rather than good. Try to keep your letter as simple as possible and always be
polite, sincere and positive attitude.
On a practical note, it may be easier to
say ‘sorry’ in a letter than over the telephone, since you may not wish
actually to speak to the person to whom the apology is address. ‘Sorry’ is one
of the most prized words in the English language and when people hear this word
they are often willing to forgive a great deal of earlier discomfort. If you
show apologise your difficult matter could be solved easily.
Ref: 2386
Dear Sir
I would like to inform you that I did not you pay fees
for three months because of financial problem. I am strongly promise and
willing to pay next Monday. I do apologise for
inconvenient circumstance.
Your faithfully
Nila
Politeness
Why do you use politeness?
Everyone likes polite behaviour. Politeness always
bears your sound personality. So you should use polite words and standard
language.
Ref: 2386
Dear Sir
I would like to inform you that I did not you pay fees
for three months because of financial problem. I am strongly promise and
willing to pay next Monday.
Your faithfully
Nila
Avoid rudeness
What does it mean and why?
Even though you are angry or dissatisfied with the
situation should not use rude word and bad tone in your letter. If you do, you
will get the negative result, no doubt. So don’t use rude words.
Paragraph section
Paragraph
o
It is very important that when
you write report must use paragraphs:
o
Most report has two paragraphs.
o
Most report beginning, middle
and end, so they need 3 paragraphs.
o
Some paragraphs consist of just
one line.
Ask yourself:
What is a paragraph? Why do you create a new
paragraph? When and how to start paragraph, and what is the benefit of it?
What is a paragraph?
Two or more sentences consist a paragraph, which are about the same
idea.
Why do you use paragraphs?
Using paragraph to show readers that you are going to write about
another idea or subject.
When and how to start new paragraph?
While a new idea or point comes, start a
new paragraph. Put one gap between two paragraphs and make indentation mark.
What is the benefit of paragraph?
If you write your topic paragraphing the reader will feel happy to read
and easy to understand.
List of adjectives:
Horrified, dissatisfied, furious, surprised, irritated, disappointed,
upset, thankful, happy, shocked, disgusted, disgruntled, angry.
Letter
structure
This is the formal (official)
letter structure. If you write any formal letter you must use this style.
Your
address |
Receiver’s address
Date:
 |
Ref: (Reference number)
Dear Mr. Habib
( letter 2 copy here Ú)
 |
Yours sincerely
 |
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 |
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Abdul Malek (Mr)
5
Remember: That is the formal letter style. Please don’t change this STYLE. Just
write letter and set your letter in this structure.
Chapter 2
Writing practice
How can I improve my writing?
There are many different ways you can
improve your writing but we suggest one way, which can improve your writing.
That is called ‘regular practice and write as much as you can.’ If you
don’t practice continuously you won’t be able successful wiring. On the other
hand, regular practising will help you to reach your target – there is no
doubt. I’m the real example; I was not able to write a simple report even
though I obtained a degree. Regular practice helped me in this area and I’m
still practicing continuously. Practice makes perfect. The more you practise
the easier way to learn and you will become a good writer! Try keeping a diary,
or get yourself a pen friend. Now is the time to develop your writing skills.
Keep to the processes you study in this book.
Before writing letter or report you must:
Know how to write sentences
Make a plan
Write a simple draft
Check drafts
Finalize drafts
·
Write sentences: As we know, sentences are the
basic foundation of report writing. Without sentence it is impossible to write
a report. If you want to write a report first of all you know must how to write
simple, compound and complex sentences. [See sentence play, unit- page…]
·
Make a plan: The most important thing is, before writing letter you must make a
plan of what you want to write. Don’t start to write directly. Think and write
down points, and write drafts. [See make plan, unit- page…]
·
Write a first draft (See page … )
- Write a simple
draft on a subject, and then modify it in 2nd and 3rd
draft if necessary.
·
Check the 1st draft and make
changes (See page … )
-
check that you have kept to the
question.
-
add details if necessary, or
omit irrelevant information.
-
check your paragraphs. Add
linking words if necessary.
-
check if your first and final
paragraphs need improving. If necessary, try out different versions on a
separate piece of paper.
-
check grammar, spelling and
punctuation.
·
Write second draft (See page … )
-
Make sure your writing is clearly
set out and easy to understand. Check spelling and punctuation with a teacher
or friend.
·
Finalize draft as necessary (See page … )
-
This is the final stage of your
writing. Before sending your reports you must check draft carefully. If
everything is ok then print, sign, and send to reader.
Checking your draft (how to check your draft)
Once you have
finished your first draft, read it again carefully. Check the following points
before you finalize the draft.
Please take a note to pay extra attention,
as everyone we know that a car has different parts such as wheels, gear, tyres,
an engine, nuts, and bolts. The engine, steering, tyres are the main parts of a
car. Similarly, a sentence having different type of parts such as subject,
verb, object, phrase, preposition, adverb, adjective, article. Subject, verb and object are the basic and
main part of sentence. Without these you can’t make a complete sentence. So
there is a question:
Sentences
·
Does
every sentence have a verb?
·
Are
the sentence different lengths?
·
Do the
sentences start in different ways?
·
In the
conversation, does each new speaker start on a separate line?
·
Did
you put capital letter at the beginning of sentence and full stops at the end
of sentence
·
Do not
write over long sentence. Keep 15 to 20 words each sentence.
Verbs
·
Are
the verbs in the same tense in the whole draft?
·
Are
the verbs powerful?
·
Do the
verbs agree with the nouns?
Nouns
·
Do the
names of people, place, day’s months and festival and books start with capital
letters?
·
Have
you changed some noun to pronouns, so they are not repeated too often?
·
Have
you made the nouns accurate?
Adjectives
·
Does
every adjective add new information about a noun?
·
Can
you sometimes use an accurate noun instead of an adjective?
Conjunction
·
Are
conjunction used correctly?
·
Do you
use too much conjunction in one sentence?
Preposition
·
Do you
use appropriate preposition
·
Are
preposition placed before the noun?
Punctuation
·
Does
the first word of every sentence capital letter?
·
Does
every sentence end with a full stop, a question mark?
·
Are
there commas between the words in a list?
·
Is
there a comma between two adjectives?
Articles
·
Do you
use appropriate articles?
Writing
sentences
How to write sentence?
It is most important that sentences are the
basic foundation and heart of writing notes, letter, report, essay etc. Without
sentence it is impossible to write a report. Before writing report, however,
first of all you must know how to write simple, compound and complex sentence.
Most important
It is very important; if you want to be a
brilliant student or writer you must learn as many sentences as you can. You
believe us and over confident on yourself if you don’t know how to write
different type of sentences you won’t be able to write letter or report because
sentence is the basic foundation of report. As bricks is the basic unit of
building. We may suggest you, as a beginner you must practise regularly. It
will make you perfect and we are assured good practice will make you a
brilliant writer. Would you be a brilliant writer? Yes. So why not start to
write type of sentences. Ready! Take pen and piece of paper and first of all
write simple sentence as follows:
In this unit you will learn how to write
simple sentence to complex sentences.
What is the first step to write a report?
The first step is ‘learn how to write
simple sentences’ because sentences are the basic units of report. If you don’t
know how to write simple sentence, you will not be able to write compound and
complex sentence respectively report. First of all, as a well-wisher we want to
force you to PRACTISE! to PRACTISE!! only PRACTISE!!!
Regular practice will make you perfect and
we are assured one day you will be a brilliant writer. Would you be a brilliant
writer? Yes. So why not start now to write type of sentences. Ready! Take a pen
and piece of paper and first of all write simple sentence as follows:
Mimi ate. > (That is a kind of
sentence). |
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‘Mimi ate’ is not a complete
sentence.
Yes.
Why?
Because there is no object. That’s why it
does not make clear sense.
Now, we add object:
Mimi ate banana. > (That is a kind of
sentence).
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Mimi ate a banana’ is this a complete sentence?
Yes.
Why?
Because added an object, clearly tells
something and its make complete sense. Obviously, it is a completed simple
sentence, which consists by using subject + verb + object. So you understand, a
complete sentence must have subject + verb + object.
Abbreviation: subject = s verb = v Object = o
s + v + o
formula
What does
s + v + o formula mean?
s + v + o formula means you write a
sentence with a specific word order. At the beginning put the subject,
second verb and third object, e.g:
Mimi ate a banana
S
v o
In the above sentence the first word ‘Mimi’
is subject, the second word ‘ate’ the is verb and the third word ‘banana’ is
the object.
They write memo.
s
v o
We play football.
S
v o
Mimi and Simi drink Pepsi.
s v o
How to make a big sentence?
Two simple sentences make a big sentence by
using conjunction – and, or, but, if, because etc.
For example:
Today is Rosa’s birthday. – simple
sentence (1)
She arranges a big party. – simple sentence (2)
Insert ‘and’ to join sentence 1 and
2 together.
Today is Rosa’s birthday and she
arranges a big party.
Just we add and
Once you use conjunctions; remove the full
stop in the first sentence, e.g.
I eat rice. You eat bread.
I eat rice. and you
eat bread.
Delete this full stop; put and
After deleting full stop, the sentence
looks like below:
I eat rice and you eat bread.
More examples:
They study hard and get a good
result.
I will lend you 500 pounds if you
return after 10 days.
The cat drinks milk but the dog eats
meat.
I am worried about your result although
you are studying hard.
Exercise:
In the following sentences, omit the full
stop and make long sentences by using conjunctions (although, and, or, but, if,
because); the first one is done for you:
1. I eat rice. You eat bread. They drink
coffee.
I eat rice and you eat bread but
they drink coffee.
2.
Mimi eats banana. Simi eats
apple. Rosa eats ice-cream.
3.
He is going to school. She is
going to market. Runa is going to the cinema.
4.
My two brothers are living in Dubai I’m living in
the UK.
5.
I am doubt of your result you
are studying hard.
6.
I will give you my pen. You
give me your book.
7.
I can do the sum. You help me.
8.
I can do the sum if you help
me.
9.
Rosa did not go to college. She woke up late.
10.
He got GP 5. He
studied hard.
He got GP 5. He
studied hard.
11.
Rosa cannot walk. She was one year old.
12.
Rosa cannot walk when she was one year old.
